Wednesday, October 30, 2019
The new york times, the best laws money can buy july 12, 2010 Essay
The new york times, the best laws money can buy july 12, 2010 - Essay Example Lobbyists have been around for decades. There is really not much that the common people know about them, except that they lobby. But what does that really mean and why do they have to flock over in the halls of the very foundations of the nation’s sovereignty, the Senate and the House of Representatives. The most common question deduced is what do they actually do and how do they affect us. It seems at first glance that there are really so little of what they do that directly affects the people or the government. They guise in the fact that their main job is to point out to legislators one or two small details in pending legislations for them to take a second look and reconsider the proposal. The congressman or senator then acts as a mercenary for these interests. Now the succeeding question is what is so important with these minute details that people, groups or corporations have to hire lobbyists to do their bidding. A 1986 article written in Time magazine appropriately titl ed â€Å"Peddling Influence†was an in-depth depiction of the growth of lobbying as a profession. From being a very reticent profession, as specifically pointed out even congressmen back then do not want to be seen talking with a lobbyist, it has blossomed into a very public and media frenzied occupation. As pointed out, â€Å"One man’s loophole is another man’s socially useful allowance, and one man’s lobbyist is another man’s righteous advocate. Nonetheless, the voices most likely to be heard are often the ones that can afford the best-connected access brokers†(par. 4). Steven Brill has painted a clearer picture in how lobbying has affected our nation. As an explicit example he has cited Private Equity Council, a trade group that wants to augment taxes on carried interest. It keeps on its payroll Capitol Tax with a $30, 000 retainer each month ensuring the taxes on its members are kept low. This type of payment is not limited to only Capi tol Tax as there are other firms they employ. It has been reported that they have spent $4.2 million from 2009. Keeping in mind that there are other groups lobbying for the same cause, all in all, according to Brill, this amounts to about $15 million. This already seems like a lot of money but this is small change as it equates to an investment for about $100 billion in taxes in the next 10 years. This will actually save them around $10 billion in taxes. Furthermore, their lobbyists have afforded them the added bonus that it becomes effective this year instead of 2010. Saving them another $2 billion (Brill, par.4-5). In comparison, the $15 million does not sound that much. It is but a mere insignificant percentage compared to what they will be able to save. But what does this really mean to us because so what if they are able to save as much. It is uncomforting to think that this â€Å"payoff is all the more remarkable when you realize that this tax break is going to some of the we althiest Americans and that all the reformers wanted originally was for those folks to pay the same graduated income-tax rate that normal wage earners do†(Brill, par.6). It is but the virtue of equity that this tax policy should have been implemented. As the saying so aptly puts it, ‘absolute power corrupts, absolutely.’ There seems to be no satiation to the hunger that what the rich wants is to be richer while others are
Monday, October 28, 2019
My Great Passion for Therapy Essay Example for Free
My Great Passion for Therapy Essay This paper entitled â€Å"My Great Passion for Therapy†has several objectives. First, it intends to discuss the topic in psychology that interests me most – â€Å"therapy†. Another objective of this paper is to explain the aforementioned and state some of the types of therapy. Last but not least, it aims to share my personal preference, as well as, why I would like that kind of therapy to apply in case I become a therapist in the future. Therapy Defined            â€Å"Therapy†is a standard terminology that explains the purpose of â€Å"medical, psychiatric, psychological or alternative designed to promote health and well-being†(World Self-Medication Industry n. p.). For me though, it means that, it is a kind of professional help that addresses a wide range of dilemmas related to the mental state of an individual. Types of Therapy            There are several types of therapy and some of these are the following:            First of all is known as â€Å"psychoanalytic therapy†which has been established by â€Å"Sigmund Freud†(Wagner n.p.). In this particular kind of therapy, the â€Å"psychoanalytic therapist†obliges himself to attend to what the client/patient says about his or her life (Wagner n.p.). It is also technically referred to as â€Å"talk therapy†because of that (Wagner n.p.). The â€Å"psychoanalytic therapist†analyses the narration provided to him or her and find important occurrences that may contribute to the client/patient’s existing difficulties/hardships (Wagner n.p.). Furthermore, the â€Å"psychoanalytic therapist†pays attention to the occurrences during the client/patient’s childhood days, â€Å"unconscious emotions, opinion/judgment, as well as, motivations †because they extremely believe that the aforementioned contribute largely to an individual’s â€Å"mental illness, as well as, maladaptive behaviors†(Wagner n.p.). Moreover, â€Å"psychoanalytic therapy†is said to be â€Å"exceedingly expensive, time-consuming, as well as, ineffective†, however, it is said that it has been very helpful as well since simply sharing personal thoughts, emotions, and problems, as well as, knowing that somebody is willing to listen already minimizes stress and tension on the part of the patient/client (Wagner n.p.).            The second is known as â€Å"cognitive therapy†, a kind of therapy which actually looks into â€Å"specific dilemmas or issues†(Wagner n.p.). Here, the â€Å"cognitive therapist†focuses on the unreasonable/illogical/flawed thoughts and insights (Wagner n.p.). This is because the â€Å"cognitive therapist†believes that the aforementioned brings about â€Å"dysfunctions†(Wagner n.p.). What â€Å"cognitive therapist†does is to help the patient/client alter his or her unreasonable/illogical/flawed thoughts and insights (Wagner n.p.). For instance, if a client/patient fears â€Å"open spaces/crowded places/public places†, then the â€Å"cognitive therapist†will assist the client/patient to face that fear through actual experience (Wagner n.p.). The â€Å"cognitive therapist†may help the client/patient to imagine himself or herself to be in such a situation/location before eventually exposing the client/patient to experience the actual fear (Wagner n.p.). That is what the â€Å"cognitive therapist†will do until the aforementioned phobia is decreased or entirely eliminated (Wagner n.p.). In addition to the aforementioned, â€Å"cognitive therapy†is said to be extremely helpful especially when it comes to depression- and anxiety-related cases (Wagner n.p.).            The third is technically referred to as â€Å"group therapy†(Wagner n.p.). This is categorized under â€Å"psychotherapy†wherein â€Å"two or more clients work with one or more therapists or counselors†(Wagner n.p.). Furthermore, this is usually carried out by â€Å"support groups†in order for the members of the group to discover and learn from other individual’s experiences and recommendations (Wagner n.p.). Moreover, â€Å"group therapy†is advantageous because it provides emotional support to those who feel â€Å"alone, isolated, or different†(Wagner n.p.). Interestingly, â€Å"group therapy†has been claimed to be â€Å"more cost effective than individual psychotherapy and is oftentimes more effective†(Wagner n.p.).            The fourth is known as â€Å"Solution-focused Brief Therapy†, which is utilized to address â€Å"a wide range of dilemmas including the following: 1) anxiety; 2) depression; 3) mental health-related problems; 4) oppression experiences; 5) pain; 6) problems in sleeping; 7) work-related dilemmas; 8) relationship problems (including differences with children, with spouse, and with close friends); 9) stress; 10) substance abuse (including drugs and alcohol); 11) etc†(The Brief Therapy Practice n.p.). Here in the â€Å"Solution-focused Brief Therapy†, â€Å"instead of solving problems, it builds solutions†and so the modifications/transformations that may happen are unswerving, and thus, such changes are most likely to last (The Brief Therapy Practice n.p.).            Fifth is â€Å"play therapy†, which typically addresses the developmental dilemmas of young individuals, i.e. children (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research n.p.). A â€Å"play therapist†is motivated to play, paint, and indulge themselves in other interesting activities in order for them to â€Å"effortlessly communicate their emotions and feelings if they lack the cognitive development to articulate themselves with words†(Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research n.p.).            Last but not least is known as â€Å"interpersonal therapy†, which is the kind of therapy that pays attention to the patient/client’s â€Å"current relationships†with other individuals (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research n.p.). Here, the â€Å"interpersonal therapist’s†main objective is to develop the patient/client’s â€Å"interpersonal skills†for him or her to be able to properly â€Å"relate to other individuals including his or her family, friends, and colleagues†(Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research n.p.). In addition to that, the â€Å"interpersonal therapist†plays a large role in the patient/client’s assessment on his or her interaction with other people and â€Å"develop strategies for dealing with relationship and communication problems†(Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research n.p.). Personal Preference and Reasons for it              I prefer the fourth one. If I become a therapist I am most likely to choose â€Å"Solution-focused Brief Therapy†because of the following reasons:            First of all, the more conventional/traditional types are all expensive (The Brief Therapy Practice n.p.). â€Å"Solution-focused Brief Therapy†, on the other hand, is not; in fact, statistical information show that there are several â€Å"economically-challenged†individuals go for this type of counseling/therapy to address their personal dilemmas simply because they cannot afford the luxurious fees of the other types of therapy suggested to them (The Brief Therapy Practice n.p.). In fact, this kind of psychological therapy may also be availed free of charge to those individuals â€Å"who really do not have the capacity to pay but needed to solve a certain dilemma†(The Brief Therapy Practice n.p.).            In addition to the aforementioned, I prefer â€Å"Solution-based or Solution-focused Brief Therapy†because it is â€Å"brief†(The Brief Therapy Practice n.p.). I must admit that I tend to get impatient with regards to waiting for positive results and so I like this one because it is said that a dilemma is addressed in not more than five sessions of counseling/therapy (The Brief Therapy Practice n.p.). Works Cited  Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. Psychotherapy: An Overview of the  Types of Therapy. 2008. n.a. 23 February 2008. http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/psychotherapy/MH00009 The Brief Therapy Practice. Solution Focused Brief Therapy. 2003. n.a. 23 February 2008. http://www.brieftherapy.org.uk/ Wagner, K.V. Types of Therapy. 2008. The New York Times Company. 23 February 2008.            http://psychology.about.com/od/psychotherapy/a/treattypes.htm World Self-Medication Industry. Therapy. 2004. n.a. 23 February 2008.            http://www.wsmi.org/glossary_st.htm
Saturday, October 26, 2019
Comparing the Tragedies of Julius Caesar, Death of a Salesman, and Oedipus Rex :: comparison compare contrast essays
 For a story to be a tragedy it has to follow the principles set  by Aristotle, a Greek philosopher, or those of Arthur Miller  who is a twentieth century playwright. A tragedy, in Aristotle's  view, usually concerns the fall of an individual whose character is  good but not perfect and his misfortunes are brought about by the  tragic flaw. This flaw is the part of the character that personifies  him as being tragic. Miller uses this definition of a tragedy but  also broadens it to include the common man. All of these  characteristics are seen in the plays Julius Caesar, Death of a  Salesman, and Oedipus Rex.           Although the title of the play Julius Caesar focuses on  Caesar, the play itself is really based on Brutus. "Brutus had  rather be a villager than to repute himself a son of Rome."(Act I,  scene II, line 172). This was said by Brutus after Cassius told him  how Caesar had become a towering figure over Rome and how  Caesar controls Rome. Notice the good in Brutus, and the  extremes he will go to in order to protect democracy in Rome  even if it means killing the one he loves, Caesar. Brutus possesses  one of the most tragic flaws. He is too nice of a person and  therefore he gets taken advantage of. He lets Cassius persuade  him into killing Caesar for the good of Rome. Because he does  for others more than himself he makes a fatal mistake, he lets  Antony live. Brutus says to the conspirators, "For Antony is but a  limb of Caesar"(Act II scene I line 165) meaning that if Caesar is  killed Antony will die off too. Brutus clearly does not regard  Antony as being a threat, but little does Brutus know that  Antony will stir up the town to seek revenge after the  assassination of Caesar. This mistake will cost him his own life.  When he dies he becomes a prime example of tragedy because not  only did he bring about his own death he dies by his own hand.           In Death of a Salesman, Willy Lowman's tragic flaw is that
Thursday, October 24, 2019
Essay --
1.0 Introduction We had selected Apple Iphone 5s as our for our Fundamental Of Marketing assignment. We select this product it because more and more advanced technology exist in the 21st century. Nowadays, more and more modern human like to pursuit the trend of technology, and there is also one of the main reason that we chosen this product for doing research on marketing strategies, marketing environment, marketing mix and proposal to analysing of this assignment. This product(Iphone 5s) is a touchscreen smartphone that produced by Apple Inc. Apple is one of the most famous and reliable brand in the IT world. Its logo is with a silver colour apple on the back casing of the phone. Iphone 5s has a chip with 64-bit architecture, fingerprint identity sensor, a better, faster camera, and an operating system built specifically for 64-bit in order to bring more convenience to consumer. We were focus on how Iphone 5s competitive with other's brand's smartphone company in Malaysia's consumer market. Company background Apple Inc. is an American corporation that design software, hardware and other consumer electronics. Apple Inc.’s product lines are iPhone (smart phone), iPad (tablet computer), iPod (portable media players) and Mac book (Macintosh computer). Apple or "the company" was established in 1977. Besides that, the company sells to consumer, small and mid-sized business, education, enterprise, government and creative customers. It was co-founded by Steven Wozniak and Steven P. Job in Cupertino, California. Apple really started in basement or garage not at the expensive business location. This is the one of the reason so many people intrigued to the brand and could be the reason that the computers were such a success, they wer... ...can send email and text, browsing the web, shooting and sharing great video and photo, getting direction easily. Lastly, the entrepreneurs can organize contracts, access contracts, and have a detail schedule. Not only IOS 7 and Ultrafast LTE wireless function can use by them, they also can use the Touch ID, this is a security system which is using their own fingerprint to set the password, so others cannot open their phone to steal the information and idea in the phone. Positioning Having done the above 2 steps which are segmenting the market and selecting specific target market, positioning is the final part of STP process. According the Apple Inc.’s selling point, ‘’iPhone 5S, the most advanced iPhone ever, with our most forward-thinking technologies.’’ The iPhone 5S is the best smartphone that contains the latest advanced features Apple Inc. has created so far.
Wednesday, October 23, 2019
Human Sexuality and Disability
Article Summary Chandler, B. J. , Brown, S. (1998). Sex and relationship dysfunction in neurological disability. Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 65, 877-880. doi: 10. 1136/jnnp. 6 5. 6. 877 Researchers Chandler and Brown (1988) conducted a study to see the relationship between neurologically disabled individuals and their experienced sexual relationship problems. Primarily focused on dyadic relationships, this research further sheds light on service providing for affected individuals.A 6 months continuous study was conducted on 70 individuals who were either married, cohabiting or living alone at Hunters Moor Regional Rehabilitation Centre located in Newcastle upon Tyne. Multiple standardized tests to assess cognitive, sexual and psychiatric functioning including, sexual functioning, disability level and current relationship were used. The results showed a wide variety of diagnosis amongst individuals tested. Additionally indicated slightly more than half (51%) had experienced change in sexual functioning and almost a third (27%) of those were highly concerned about this change.Gender was highly associated with concern about sexual functioning, as men were much more concerned. The correlation between sexual dysfunction and duration of illness strongly predicted relationship dissatisfaction. Researchers also suggested that concern is a desire to seek help and so more than one in four required help for sexual dysfunction. The outcome of this study implied sexual dysfunction can predict difficulties within a relationship and the dyadic relationship is an important aspect in managing disability.Further suggesting services designed to address sexual health should also consider and integrate relationship issues when seeking solutions. Reflective Journal Introduction to topic: Human Sexuality and Disability Sexual health is an important aspect of all human beings. Dr. Mona (2011) noted disabled individuals may not fit into the typical category of wha t is sexually desirable in our society and can result in low sexual self esteem. Disability is a complex phenomenon, which has different aspects. Our group was curious and wanted to research on preconceived assumptions on Sexuality and Disability.The research dealt with physical disability (Injuries affecting mobility, Individuals with Cancer resulting in physical limitations etc. ) its relationship with sexual pleasure, expression and services provided for concerned individuals. The Travelling Tickle Trunk Shop. Research and collecting Informaiton Located within Edmonton made it easy to conduct research on this agency. Additionally the range and quality of services was accessible and welcoming to disabled individuals. The Methodology involved, contacting the owner Brenda Kerber through e-mail and phone to set up an interview.We personally contacted Brenda at the Tickle Trunk located on Whyte Avenue. During this period she willingly provided answers and useful information. More to t his, we analyzed the store set up, services and policies to accommodate disabled customers. Perceptions and Personal Impact of this Research Brenda had stated the initial idea to set up this particular store being a customer request that she later researched into and established in 2008 (personal communication, Oct. 31, 2012), indicating a wide customer range.I have learnt the variety of customers is not limited to race, culture, age, physical ability or gender. I would always assume customers of sex stores being sex addicts or having some physiological difficulties during sexual intercourse. My assumptions essentially root from my culture. Sex is a reserved topic until marriage and is therefore associated with procreation. I am aware of the pleasurable aspects of sex and this research has broadened my viewpoint. Another major assumption was with regards to disabled customers being asexual and/or loosing total sense of feel in sexual organs completely. Dr.Tepper’s (2000) rese arch helped publicize sexual oppression of disabled individuals and eliminated some of my assumptions enlightening me to the complex world of disability (acquired disability, mental illness, physical disability, prenatal disability etc). Disabled individuals at least here in North America are engaged in sexual activity and I would state are having better and creative sex. Major personal turning point of this research was knowing the multiple ways to enhance one’s sex life. Social impact and Applications of this research The Tickle Trunk, is a business that is very welcoming to all individuals.This can help curious couples experiment, aid new migrants better immerse in the western culture of Sexuality and for disabled individuals (visually, hearing) private parties are conducted to help explore sexuality. Brenda has helped many physically disabled/impaired and individuals with cancer better embrace their sexual lives. On a large scale, Alberta being noted for its conservative views and reserved sexual attitude. The open minded and supportive approach of The Tickle Trunk can help educate and promote satisfying healthy sex to the general Edmonton society.Personally aspiring to be in the Nursing field certain information might be applicable during patient treatment, diagnosis etc. Disability and motherhood, guidance for parenting and resources (O’toole, 2002) are other aspects of interest to me, from a career and female rights advocate perspective. Personal and Literature related experiences of the research Pleasure is an important affirmative of life regardless of physical disability. Another similarity was the variety of individuals. In the article age ranges from 16-64 were examined. Where as customers at the shop had much more variation.Journals are scientific papers, a few controlled variables and numerical associations to sexual expression/satisfaction was noted. Whereas visiting the store gave a more personal and opinionated view of considerin g disability and sexuality. Overall, the different sources aided in reaching a balanced perspective. Reference List Chandler, B. J. , Brown, S. (1998). Sex and relationship dysfunction in neurological disability. Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 65, 877-880. doi: 10. 1136/jnnp. 6 5. 6. 877 Kerber, Brenda. (Owner, Educator–The Travelling Tickle Trunk), personal communication October 31, 2012.O’toole, C. J. (2002). Sex Disability And Motherhood: Access To Sexuality For Disabled Mother Dsiability studies Quarterly 22(4), 81-101. Retrieved from http://dsq-sds. org/article/view/374/495 Paget, L. (2011, June 8). Dr. Linda Monda Sex and Disability. TogiEntertainment, Inc. Lindale Texas, USA: Â © 2012 Toginet Radio. Retrieved from http://podbay. fm/show/415882898/e/1309935600? autostart=1 Tepper, M. S. (2000). Sexuality and Disability: The Missing Discourse of Pleasure. HumanScience Press. 18(4), 283-290. Retrieved from http://wmst419. drkissling. com/winter2 011/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/Tepper2000. pdf
Tuesday, October 22, 2019
Free Essays on Overpopulation In Prisons
Overpopulation in Prisons According to Allen J. Beck, Ph.D an estimated 1,585,400 persons were incarcerated in the United States in 1995 and that since 1985 the total number of inmates in the State and Federal prisons has grown 8.3 percent annually. (Beck, 1) The prisons in the United States are seeing about 45,000 new inmates each year. Greg Botonis, writer for the Los Angeles Daily News, says â€Å"Since the first year [California State Prison] opened, more than 4,000 inmates have been assigned to the prison designed for 2,200, and the population explosion has been especially great since spring.†(Botonis, 1) Those are pretty big numbers. From 1994 to 1995 Iowa’s prison population alone grew 8.6 percent. How can the government afford to keep putting this many people in prison? That’s right, the taxpayers are paying for it. Overpopulation in prisons impacts negatively on staff morale and on the services rendered, it also is the cause for abnormally high maintenance costs of pris on facilities. Why are we having problems with crowding in our prisons? The overpopulation problems in the prisons are due to mandatory minimum sentencing laws which was brought out by the anti-drug abuse act of 1986. This law states that judges are required to use minimum sentences on offenders based on the type and quantity of the drug involved. Last year over half a million Americans were arrested for marijuana offenses and now most of them are in our prisons. Overpopulation in prisons has lead to the need for new prisons to be built. Which means even more money is needed from the taxpayers. Just for one inmate to stay in a federal prison for one month it costs about $1,910. The cost for building a new prison facility can vary from fifteen to sixty million dollars. The taxpayers are giving prisoners pretty much a free ride. Prisoners have it better than most American citizens. These prisoners get to have all of their utilities ... Free Essays on Overpopulation In Prisons Free Essays on Overpopulation In Prisons Overpopulation in Prisons According to Allen J. Beck, Ph.D an estimated 1,585,400 persons were incarcerated in the United States in 1995 and that since 1985 the total number of inmates in the State and Federal prisons has grown 8.3 percent annually. (Beck, 1) The prisons in the United States are seeing about 45,000 new inmates each year. Greg Botonis, writer for the Los Angeles Daily News, says â€Å"Since the first year [California State Prison] opened, more than 4,000 inmates have been assigned to the prison designed for 2,200, and the population explosion has been especially great since spring.†(Botonis, 1) Those are pretty big numbers. From 1994 to 1995 Iowa’s prison population alone grew 8.6 percent. How can the government afford to keep putting this many people in prison? That’s right, the taxpayers are paying for it. Overpopulation in prisons impacts negatively on staff morale and on the services rendered, it also is the cause for abnormally high maintenance costs of pris on facilities. Why are we having problems with crowding in our prisons? The overpopulation problems in the prisons are due to mandatory minimum sentencing laws which was brought out by the anti-drug abuse act of 1986. This law states that judges are required to use minimum sentences on offenders based on the type and quantity of the drug involved. Last year over half a million Americans were arrested for marijuana offenses and now most of them are in our prisons. Overpopulation in prisons has lead to the need for new prisons to be built. Which means even more money is needed from the taxpayers. Just for one inmate to stay in a federal prison for one month it costs about $1,910. The cost for building a new prison facility can vary from fifteen to sixty million dollars. The taxpayers are giving prisoners pretty much a free ride. Prisoners have it better than most American citizens. These prisoners get to have all of their utilities ...
Monday, October 21, 2019
How To Use the Spanish ‘Cuando’
How To Use the Spanish ‘Cuando’ The Spanish word cuando usually the equivalent of the English when, although its use is far more versatile than the English word. It can serve as a preposition, conjunction, or adverb, and it frequently is used in situations where when doesnt work as a translation. Cuando as a Conjunction Cuando is used most often as a conjunction, a type of word that in this case connects two clauses, a sentence-like statement that includes a subject (which may be implied) and a verb. Although the conjunction cuando can often be translated as when, cuando doesnt always indicate that a time element is at play. In those situations, context sometimes makes it better to think of cuando as meaning a condition such as if or since. Here are some examples of cuando meaning when: Siempre voy al mercado cuando estoy en la ciudad. (I always go to the market when I am in the city. Here cuando joins the two clauses siempre voy al mercado and estoy en la ciudad.)Su padre era drogadicto cuando ella era una nià ±a. (Her father was a drug addict when she was a girl. Cuando joins su padre era drogadicto and ella era una nià ±a.)Cuando llegà ³ al aeropuerto me puse en la fila equivocada. (When I arrived at the airport, I got in the wrong line. As this sentence shows, a conjunction can link two clauses even when it comes at the beginning of the sentence rather than between the clauses.) If the action of the verb after cuando took place in the past, is ongoing, or takes place in the present, the verb is in the indicative mood. But if it takes place in the future, the subjunctive is used. Note the difference between these two sentences. Cuando la veo, siempre me siento feliz. (When I see her, I always feel happy. The action of siento is ongoing, so it is in the indicative mood.)Cuando la veo maà ±ana, me sienta feliz. (When I see her tomorrow, I will feel happy. The action of the verb happens tomorrow, so the subjunctive mood is used.) Here are examples of where a translation other than when might be used for cuando: Vamos a salir cuando està © tarde. (We are going to leave if he is late. Depending on the context, this sentence doesnt necessarily suggest that the person will be late.)Cuando brilla el Sol, podemos ir a la playa. (Since the sun is shining, we can go to the beach. Since works better than when in translation if it is known to the speaker and listener that the sun is shining.) Cuando as an Adverb When it appears in questions before a verb, cundo functions as an adverb and receives an orthographic accent.  ¿Cundo vienes? (When are you coming?) ¿Cundo van a llegar al hotel? (When will they are arrive at the hotel? ¿Cundo compraron el coche? (When did they buy a car?)No sà © cundo se resolver mi futuro. (I dont known when my future will be determined. This is an example of an indirect question.) Cuando also functions as an adverb when it follows a form of ser. When is almost always a suitable translation. Era cuando yo estaba ms vulnerable. (It was when I was most vulnerable.)Mi mentira favorita era cuando me decà as, te amo. (My favorite lie was when you told me, I love you.)La parte difà cil es cuando se tienen cuatro o cinco actores en la misma escena. (The difficult part is when there are four or five actors in the same scene.) Cuando as a Preposition When used as a preposition, cuando can often be translated as during or at the time of. Often the sentence using cuando in this way cannot be translated word for word but must be loosely translated to indicate that something happened during the time of the prepositional object. Some examples: La escribià ³Ã‚ cuando estudiante. (She wrote it when she was a student. Note that there are no words in Spanish that directly say she was, but that meaning is implied. A word-for-word translation would be when student, but that doesnt make sense.)Asà  fue cuando la Revolucià ³n Francesa. (Thats how it was during the French Revolution.)Cuando las inundaciones yo era muy chica. (At the time of the floods I was very young.)Yo era enfermizo cuando muchacho con asma, (As a boy with asthma I was sickly.) Key Takeaways Although cuando can be thought of as the Spanish word for when, it can also be used in other ways.A common use of cuando is as a conjunction combining two clauses.When cundo means when as an interrogative adverb in a question, the first syllable receives an accent mark.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)